A Portuguese Jew living in Holland, Spinoza was excommunicated because of the unorthodox watch he took of God. Spinoza published in the rationalist design of a geometric evidence to build up his notion of God as the infinite, indwelling cause of everything, a unified causal system that is virtually synonymous with character. In this system, there is no free of charge will, for everything are essential and inevitable, and everything objects, including human beings, are portion of God’s active self-expression. Human fulfillment is possible, he believed, just by rejecting our finite, flawed selves and identifying using the eternal within us.

The Giants of Philosophy series is a collection of dramatic presentations, in understandable language, from the concerns, questions, interests, and overall outlook from the world’s great philosophers and philosophical traditions. Unique emphasis on apparent and relevant explanations gives you a new arsenal of insights toward living a better life.