The last works completed before Nietzsche’s final years of insanity, Twilight from the Idols and The Anti-Christ contain some of his most passionate and polemical writing. Both display his profound knowledge of human character and continue styles developed in The Genealogy of Morals, as the philosopher lashes out on the deceptiveness of modern culture and morality. Twilight of the Idols attacks European culture, Christianity and the works of Socrates and Plato, which he proclaims are life-denying because they prioritise cause over instinct and the after-world on the obvious world. The Antichrist explores the history, mindset and moral precepts of Christianity, developing his last assault on organised religious beliefs.

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